Yeni Başlayan Kılavuzu

Bu kılavuz, Plover'a başlamayı anlatır. Plover, özgür stenografi yazılımıdır. Aşağıda atıfta bulunulan öğrenme kaynaklarının tamamı masrafsızdır.

Plover'ı Yükleyin ve Kurun

Plover Windows, Mac, and Linux üzerinde çalışır.

Kurulum Kılavuzu ile Plover'ı Yükleyin ve Kurun
Takılırsanız hata giderme kılavuzuna başvurun.

Uyumlu bir klavye ya da stenografi makinesi bağlayın

Stenoda tuşlar "stroke" (yaklaşık "strouk"), "chord" (yaklaşık "kord"), "akor" ya da (bu makalede) "vuruş" denen gruplar halinde aynı anda basılır. Standart QWERTY klavyeleri genelde aynı anda yalnızca birkaç tuşu algılar. Bazı steno vuruşları 10'a kadar tuş içerebilse de, bir klavye ile stenonun temellerini öğrenmek mümkündür. Özelleştirilmiş bir steno klavyesi dakikada 120'den fazla kelime gibi bir hıza ulaşmayı yüksek derecede kolaylaştıracaktır, fakat stenoya yeterince zaman adayacağınızdan emin olana kadar bu makineleri almak tavsiye edilmez.

Dilerseniz bu bölümün tamamını okuyabilirsiniz, fakat eğer sahip olduğunuz donanım ile zaten aşina iseniz, ilgili bölüme atlayabilirsiniz:

Standart bir QWERTY klavyesi kullanma
NKRO özellikli bir QWERTY klavyesi kullanma
Steno ile kullanım için bir klavyeyi adapte edin
Plover ile kullanım için tasarlanmış bir makine kullanma
Profesyonel bir stenografi makinesi kullanma

Standart bir QWERTY klavyesi kullanma

Eğer bir laptop ya da sıradan bir klavye kullanıyorsanız, yüksek ihtimalle NKRO özelliği yoktur. Bu terim, herhangi bir sayıda tuşu aynı anda algılayabilen klavyeleri kasteder. Çoğu klavye aynı anda yalnızca 6 eş zamanlı tuş basması algılayabilir (ve bazı kombinasyonlarsa sadece 2 eş zamanlı tuş basması olarak kaydedilebilir). NKRO'nun yokluğunun etkisini azaltmak için iki seçeneğiniz var: arpej, ve vuruş yuvarlama.

Arpej

Arpej seçeneğinin açık olduğu takdirde, bir vuruşu daha küçük tuş parçaları halinde (ya da hatta tek tek) basıp en son boşluk tuşuna basarak yazabilirsiniz. Plover boşluk tuşuna basana dek vuruşları işlemeyecektir. Bu yöntemle, her zaman tuşlara aynı anda basmanıza gerek kalmadığı için NKRO'nun etkisi azaltılmış olur.

Arpej modunu aktifleştirmek için, Plover'ın ana penceresini açın ve Configure düğmesine basın. "Makine" kategorisi altında Arpeggiate seçeneğini aktifleştirin ve işiniz bittiğinde Apply ve OK düğmelerine basın.

Vuruş yuvarlama

Varsayılan halinde Plover, her tuş basılana dek Plover steno vuruşlarını işlemez. NKRO klavyeniz yoksa bu özellikten yararlanabilirsiniz. Vuruştaki tuşlara aynı anda basmak yerine, sadece birkaçına basın. Yavaşça vuruştaki bir tuşu daha ekleyip bir ötekini bırakın. En az bir tuşa basıldığı müddetçe, Plover steno vuruşunuzu işlemez, ve hala vuruşa yeni tuş ekleyebilirsiniz.

Kullandığınız yöntemi ilgilendirmeksizin çalıştığını kontrol edin.

Use an N-key rollover (NKRO) QWERTY keyboard

An N-key rollover (NKRO) keyboard is specially designed to allow pressing many keys at once. Many gaming/mechanical keyboards have NKRO. With an NKRO keyboard and Plover, you can press down every single key in a stroke all at once without needing to use one of the workarounds mentioned above. By default, Plover is set to use your keyboard as a steno machine after you install the app.

To test if your keyboard has NKRO, you can go to an online keyboard checker and press down a bunch of keys all at once and see if they all light up.

Be sure to try the example later in this page to confirm it’s working.

Which NKRO keyboard should I get?

Full NKRO over USB is possible, and many keyboards do it well. Generally, searching for “NKRO” or “anti-ghosting” keyboards will result in compatible keyboards. Make sure to check reviews before purchasing a keyboard as some have been known to falsely advertise NKRO (although, this is a rare occurrence).

See the Supported Hardware page for a list of supported keyboards.
See also: Which type of key switch should I choose?

Adapt a keyboard for steno use

Most keyboards have the keys in staggered rows, which can make it difficult to press two keys in a column with a single finger. To adapt a keyboard for steno, you can use:

You can also use a keyboard with an ortholinear layout.

Use a machine designed for use with Plover

Various steno enthusiasts are making and selling machines designed for use with Plover:

More information: Dedicated machines designed for use with Plover.

Use a professional stenography machine

Some professional stenography machines are compatible with Plover. You can find used steno machines on eBay at reasonable prices.

See the Supported Hardware page for a list of supported professional stenography machines.

Confirm it’s working

Initially, Plover is set up to use your computer’s qwerty keyboard by default. If you have a professional stenography machine, or a hobbyist steno keyboard, you’ll need to configure Plover to look for your machine (usually GeminiPR or TX Bolt). See each respective vendor’s guides on how to set up your keyboard with Plover. See also this video tutorial for how to set up a hobbyist steno keyboard that uses Gemini PR.

Keyboard

By default, Plover will use your keyboard as its input device.

Run Plover.
Click the Output: Enable radio button.

Write “Hello World”

To confirm Plover is working correctly, you may try to write “Hello, world.” into a text editor with Plover. Open Plover’s main window and, and select Plover’s output to be enabled. Open a text editor and write the steno key strokes in the table below, one row at a time.

format=frameless

Notepad in Windows 11 is quite buggy with fast input and does not work well with Plover. Instead of Notepad, try a different program such as Microsoft Word or Google Docs in a browser.

This can be somewhat circumvented using a key input delay, as shown below:

If you are using a QWERTY keyboard, follow the QWERTY keys on the right column. Otherwise, follow the middle column. Unless you are arpeggiating or rolling your strokes, make sure to press every single key all at once. Remember to release every key after each row.

Output	Steno Key Stroke	QWERTY Keys
hell	`HEL`	`r` (left index index) `n` (right thumb) `o` (right ring finger )
o	`HRO`	`rf` (left index finger pressing in between) `v` (left thumb)
,	`-RBGS`	`j` (right index finger) `k` (right middle finger) `l` (right ring finger) `;` (right pinkie finger)
world	`WORLD`	`d` (left middle finger) `v` (left thumb) `j` (right index finger) `o` (right ring finger) `[` (right pinkie finger)
.	`-FPLT`	`u` (right index finger) `i` (right middle finger) `o` (right ring finger) `p` (right pinkie finger)

If you see different output, open the paper tape (in Plover’s main window under Tools → Paper Tape) and try the steno strokes again. Verify that the right keys are being registered. If the steno keys shown in the paper tape are not the same as those in the middle column above, first make sure you are pressing the right physical keys. If you are still not getting the right output, have a look at the following: * If you are using a steno machine and are not getting the right keys/output, ensure you are using the right protocol for your stenography machine * If you are using a QWERTY keyboard and are not getting the right keys/output, your keyboard may not have NKRO

Practice sentences

You can practice sentences that (mostly) only need two keys at once, on the StenoJig website.

Use the correct body posture and finger placement

Your fingers should be curled slightly, so you press the keys using the tips of your fingers.

On a QWERTY keyboard, you move your hands half an inch up so that your left thumb is resting on the cracks between the C and V keys and your right thumb is resting between the N and M keys. The rest should fall into place.

QWERTY layout	Maps to steno layout
`QWER TY UIOP[`	`STPH ** FPLTD`
`ASDF GH JKL;`	`SKWR ** RBGSZ`
`CV NM`	`AO EU`

Stenography machine

Plover supports several protocols that are in use by various professional stenography machines. To configure Plover to the protocol your machine uses:

Run Plover and click the Enable radio button.
Click the Configure button on the Plover Dialog screen. The Plover configuration screen appears.
On the Machine tab, select the protocol your machine uses.
Click Save.

See Supported protocols for more information.

Practice and learn

It’s time to start learning stenography theory for free, practicing writing using stenography, and learning how to make the most of Plover’s built-in tools. See the Learning Resources.

Which steno theory should you learn?

There are many steno theories that encompass the rules you use to convert words to steno strokes.

Almost all English language steno theories are derived from the original Stenotype theory devised by Ward Ireland. They all share the same keyboard design and basic method of representing the sounds. Theories mostly differ by how much rote memorization is required. Typically, memorization heavy theories are faster.

The default theory that comes with the Plover app (called Plover theory) is Mirabai Knight’s own personal theory that she uses for stenocaptioning—it is very fast, as a result. However, there are a lot of odd inconsistencies that may not make it a great choice for beginners. Using it requires a lot of personal changes and additions very early on in the learning process.

One alternative to Plover is Lapwing theory. It was created by a community member dissatisfied with the unnecessarily steep learning curve associated with Plover theory. It has a comprehensive wiki that covers a wide range of content along with exercises to practice concepts. Many regard it as easier to learn than Plover theory due to having more consistent rules. For details on how to set up and learn Lapwing theory, see the Lapwing for Beginners Wiki.

We recommend learning either Plover theory or Lapwing theory.

Other theories also exist, but either cost money, or are not supported by Plover. Ultimately, it does not matter which theory you choose when it comes to speed—it is always possible to add more memorization into the theory you’ve chosen to squeeze out more speed. Furthermore, we do not recommend spending money on a theory until you’re certain you like stenography and see a clear reason to switch.